cisco_trunks
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cisco_trunks [2017/11/15 22:53] – walkeradmin | cisco_trunks [2023/03/09 22:35] (current) – external edit 127.0.0.1 | ||
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- | + | //**Why is using a Trunk port important? | |
- | ---- | + | |
- | + | ||
- | ==== Overview ==== | + | |
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- | First of all, I would like to outline what I am trying to achieve. Look at the diagram below. | ||
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+ | {{ : | ||
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- | {{: | ||
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- | \\ | + | Looking at the above diagram, we see an example of some sources |
- | There are two sets of receivers (so consider two sets of multicast) coming from different head-ends. To keep the traffic separate, lets consider that the ports connected to the receivers | + | |
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- | {{: | + | |
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- | VLAN C is on another | + | |
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- | The reason | + | |
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---- | ---- | ||
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==== Example ==== | ==== Example ==== | ||
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---- | ---- | ||
==== Native VLAN ==== | ==== Native VLAN ==== | ||
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+ | ---- | ||
+ | ==== notes ==== | ||
+ | |||
+ | < | ||
+ | Default VLAN | ||
+ | Native VLAN | ||
+ | Data VLAN | ||
+ | Management VLAN | ||
+ | Voice VLAN | ||
+ | |||
+ | Default VLAN is VLAN 1 | ||
+ | |||
+ | VLAN Name | ||
+ | ---- -------------------------------- --------- ------------------------------- | ||
+ | 1 default | ||
+ | Fa0/5, Fa0/6, Fa0/7, Fa0/8 | ||
+ | Fa0/9, Fa0/10, Fa0/11, Fa0/12 | ||
+ | Fa0/13, Fa0/14, Fa0/15, Fa0/16 | ||
+ | Fa0/17, Fa0/18, Fa0/19, Fa0/20 | ||
+ | Fa0/21, Fa0/22, Fa0/23, Fa0/24 | ||
+ | Gig0/1, Gig0/ | ||
+ | 1002 fddi-default | ||
+ | 1003 token-ring-default | ||
+ | 1004 fddinet-default | ||
+ | 1005 trnet-default | ||
+ | |||
+ | Cannot delete or rename vlan 1 | ||
+ | |||
+ | vlan50 | ||
+ | name student | ||
+ | |||
+ | vlan99 | ||
+ | name mgt | ||
+ | |||
+ | exit | ||
+ | |||
+ | sh vlan | ||
+ | |||
+ | see vlan but no ports, need to assign ports. | ||
+ | |||
+ | int fa 0/10 | ||
+ | switchport mode access | ||
+ | switchport access vlan 50 | ||
+ | |||
+ | |||
+ | VLAN Name | ||
+ | ---- -------------------------------- --------- ------------------------------- | ||
+ | 1 default | ||
+ | Fa0/5, Fa0/6, Fa0/7, Fa0/8 | ||
+ | Fa0/9, Fa0/11, Fa0/12, Fa0/13 | ||
+ | Fa0/14, Fa0/15, Fa0/16, Fa0/17 | ||
+ | Fa0/18, Fa0/19, Fa0/20, Fa0/21 | ||
+ | Fa0/22, Fa0/23, Fa0/24, Gig0/1 | ||
+ | Gig0/2 | ||
+ | 50 | ||
+ | |||
+ | |||
+ | |||
+ | Switch(config-if)# | ||
+ | Switch(config-if)# | ||
+ | |||
+ | not using vlan 1 is better for security, as guessing a vlan or interface number is harder. | ||
+ | |||
+ | Native VLAN is important for Trunk Ports | ||
+ | Interfaces (access ports) are one port per vlan effectivly (but no vlan configured) | ||
+ | |||
+ | Trunk Port carries multiple VLANs across a single link (single interface) | ||
+ | |||
+ | |||
+ | virtual terminal | ||
+ | |||
+ | Switch(config)# | ||
+ | Switch(config-line)# | ||
+ | Switch(config-line)# | ||
+ | Switch(config)# | ||
+ | |||
+ | |||
+ | Switch(config-if)# | ||
+ | Switch(config-if)# | ||
+ | |||
+ | Switch(config-if)# | ||
+ | %LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN: | ||
+ | %LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN: | ||
+ | |||
+ | Switch(config-if)# | ||
+ | |||
+ | |||
+ | interface FastEthernet0/ | ||
+ | | ||
+ | | ||
+ | | ||
+ | |||
+ | |||
+ | port 1 no longer shown: | ||
+ | |||
+ | VLAN Name | ||
+ | ---- -------------------------------- --------- ------------------------------- | ||
+ | 1 default | ||
+ | Fa0/6, Fa0/7, Fa0/8, Fa0/9 | ||
+ | Fa0/11, Fa0/12, Fa0/13, Fa0/14 | ||
+ | Fa0/15, Fa0/16, Fa0/17, Fa0/18 | ||
+ | Fa0/19, Fa0/20, Fa0/21, Fa0/22 | ||
+ | Fa0/23, Fa0/24, Gig0/1, Gig0/2 | ||
+ | 50 | ||
+ | 1002 fddi-default | ||
+ | 1003 token-ring-default | ||
+ | 1004 fddinet-default | ||
+ | 1005 trnet-default | ||
+ | |||
+ | Switch#sh interfaces trunk | ||
+ | Port Mode | ||
+ | Fa0/1 | ||
+ | |||
+ | Port Vlans allowed on trunk | ||
+ | Fa0/1 1-99 | ||
+ | |||
+ | Port Vlans allowed and active in management domain | ||
+ | Fa0/1 1,50 | ||
+ | |||
+ | Port Vlans in spanning tree forwarding state and not pruned | ||
+ | Fa0/1 1,50 | ||
+ | |||
+ | The native vlan defaults to vlan 1 (default vlan) | ||
+ | |||
+ | |||
+ | |||
+ | Protocol 802.1q is the trunking protocol that puts tags on packets as they traverse the trunk (vlan tagging) | ||
+ | |||
+ | If you have a device that does not support 802.1q, then the switch will put that traffic on the default vlan (if that vlan is allowed in the trunk) | ||
+ | (the defaul vlan is vlan 1 unless you changed it) | ||
+ | This traffic remains untagged. | ||
+ | |||
+ | |||
+ | Switch(config)# | ||
+ | Switch(config-vlan)# | ||
+ | |||
+ | |||
+ | |||
+ | Switch#show interfaces fastEthernet 0/1 switchport | ||
+ | |||
+ | Name: Fa0/1 | ||
+ | Switchport: Enabled | ||
+ | Administrative Mode: trunk | ||
+ | Operational Mode: trunk | ||
+ | Administrative Trunking Encapsulation: | ||
+ | Operational Trunking Encapsulation: | ||
+ | Negotiation of Trunking: On | ||
+ | Access Mode VLAN: 1 (default) | ||
+ | Trunking Native Mode VLAN: 1 (default) | ||
+ | Voice VLAN: none | ||
+ | Administrative private-vlan host-association: | ||
+ | Administrative private-vlan mapping: none | ||
+ | Administrative private-vlan trunk native VLAN: none | ||
+ | Administrative private-vlan trunk encapsulation: | ||
+ | Administrative private-vlan trunk normal VLANs: none | ||
+ | Administrative private-vlan trunk private VLANs: none | ||
+ | Operational private-vlan: | ||
+ | Trunking VLANs Enabled: 1-99 | ||
+ | Pruning VLANs Enabled: 2-1001 | ||
+ | Capture Mode Disabled | ||
+ | Capture VLANs Allowed: ALL | ||
+ | Protected: false | ||
+ | Unknown unicast blocked: disabled | ||
+ | Unknown multicast blocked: disabled | ||
+ | Appliance trust: none | ||
+ | |||
+ | |||
+ | set native vlan | ||
+ | Switch(config-if)# | ||
+ | |||
+ | |||
+ | show interfaces fastEthernet 0/1 switchport | ||
+ | |||
+ | Name: Fa0/1 | ||
+ | Switchport: Enabled | ||
+ | Administrative Mode: trunk | ||
+ | Operational Mode: trunk | ||
+ | Administrative Trunking Encapsulation: | ||
+ | Operational Trunking Encapsulation: | ||
+ | Negotiation of Trunking: On | ||
+ | Access Mode VLAN: 1 (default) | ||
+ | |||
+ | Trunking Native Mode VLAN: 80 | ||
+ | |||
+ | Voice VLAN: none | ||
+ | Administrative private-vlan host-association: | ||
+ | Administrative private-vlan mapping: none | ||
+ | Administrative private-vlan trunk native VLAN: none | ||
+ | Administrative private-vlan trunk encapsulation: | ||
+ | Administrative private-vlan trunk normal VLANs: none | ||
+ | Administrative private-vlan trunk private VLANs: none | ||
+ | Operational private-vlan: | ||
+ | Trunking VLANs Enabled: 1-99 | ||
+ | Pruning VLANs Enabled: 2-1001 | ||
+ | Capture Mode Disabled | ||
+ | Capture VLANs Allowed: ALL | ||
+ | Protected: false | ||
+ | Unknown unicast blocked: disabled | ||
+ | Unknown multicast blocked: disabled | ||
+ | Appliance trust: none | ||
+ | |||
+ | |||
+ | |||
+ | Switch#show interfaces trunk | ||
+ | |||
+ | Port Mode | ||
+ | Fa0/1 | ||
+ | |||
+ | Port Vlans allowed on trunk | ||
+ | Fa0/1 1-99 | ||
+ | |||
+ | Port Vlans allowed and active in management domain | ||
+ | Fa0/1 | ||
+ | |||
+ | Port Vlans in spanning tree forwarding state and not pruned | ||
+ | Fa0/1 | ||
+ | |||
+ | |||
+ | native vlan for backwards compatibility, | ||
+ | REMEMBER TO DO THIS ON BOTH SWITCHES. | ||
+ | |||
+ | |||
+ | You will see this message after configuring the first switch, on the second switch. | ||
+ | |||
+ | %CDP-4-NATIVE_VLAN_MISMATCH: | ||
+ | |||
+ | until you configure second switch. | ||
+ | (CDP Cisco Discovery Protocol) This message occurs if Spanning Tree protocol is on. | ||
+ | |||
+ | You will see an unblock message when second switch is configured. | ||
+ | %SPANTREE-2-UNBLOCK_CONSIST_PORT: | ||
+ | |||
+ | |||
+ | do show ip interface br | ||
+ | |||
+ | |||
+ | Switch(config)# | ||
+ | Interface | ||
+ | FastEthernet0/ | ||
+ | FastEthernet0/ | ||
+ | FastEthernet0/ | ||
+ | FastEthernet0/ | ||
+ | FastEthernet0/ | ||
+ | FastEthernet0/ | ||
+ | FastEthernet0/ | ||
+ | FastEthernet0/ | ||
+ | FastEthernet0/ | ||
+ | FastEthernet0/ | ||
+ | FastEthernet0/ | ||
+ | FastEthernet0/ | ||
+ | FastEthernet0/ | ||
+ | FastEthernet0/ | ||
+ | FastEthernet0/ | ||
+ | FastEthernet0/ | ||
+ | FastEthernet0/ | ||
+ | FastEthernet0/ | ||
+ | FastEthernet0/ | ||
+ | FastEthernet0/ | ||
+ | FastEthernet0/ | ||
+ | FastEthernet0/ | ||
+ | FastEthernet0/ | ||
+ | FastEthernet0/ | ||
+ | GigabitEthernet0/ | ||
+ | GigabitEthernet0/ | ||
+ | Vlan1 unassigned | ||
+ | Vlan99 | ||
+ | |||
+ | |||
+ | |||
+ | </ |
cisco_trunks.1510786412.txt.gz · Last modified: 2023/03/09 22:35 (external edit)