identify_and_mount_a_drive
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identify_and_mount_a_drive [2016/07/28 21:35] – walkeradmin | identify_and_mount_a_drive [2017/01/08 21:46] – walkeradmin | ||
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====== Identify and Mount a Drive ====== | ====== Identify and Mount a Drive ====== | ||
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- | First we need to identify the disk(s): | ||
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+ | This guide assumes you only have 1 external hard drive connected to the Pi. If so then it should be attached to /dev/sda1 – additional drives will use /dev/sdb1 and /dev/sdc1 etc. If you have multiple external hard drives you will need separate mount points for each drive (e.g. / | ||
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- | sudo blkid | ||
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- | This will list any recognised devices: | + | Prepare the Mount Point |
+ | |||
+ | First make a directory in which to mount the USB drive | ||
+ | sudo mkdir / | ||
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+ | Make pi the owner of the mounted drive and make its permissions read, write and execute for it | ||
+ | | ||
+ | sudo chown -R pi:pi / | ||
+ | sudo chmod -R 775 / | ||
+ | \\ | ||
+ | Set all future permissions for the mount point to pi user and group. | ||
+ | | ||
+ | sudo setfacl -Rdm g:pi:rwx / | ||
+ | sudo setfacl -Rm g:pi:rwx / | ||
+ | \\ | ||
+ | Determine the USB Hard Drive Format | ||
+ | |||
+ | You also need to know the file system the drive is formatted with | ||
+ | |||
+ | sudo blkid | ||
+ | \\ | ||
+ | You will see something like this. Again it is the sda1 line we are interested in. Note the TYPE=" | ||
+ | | ||
+ | /dev/sda1: UUID=" | ||
+ | / | ||
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- | /dev/sda: PTUUID=" | ||
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- | In this example, the first 6 items are the SD card that Raspbian booted from **/ | + | Update your repositories if your hard drive is anything but ext4 as the TYPE above |
+ | |||
+ | sudo apt-get update | ||
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+ | Now mount the usb stick in there. If it is NTFS you will need to install some utilities first | ||
+ | | ||
+ | sudo apt-get install ntfs-3g -y | ||
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- | Now that we know the disk we wish to work on is /dev/sda we can use: | + | If the drive is exfat install these utilities |
+ | |||
+ | sudo apt-get install exfat-utils -y | ||
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- | sudo fdisk /dev/sda | + | |
+ | |||
+ | | ||
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- | | + | |
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- | | + | |
- | Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes | + | |
- | Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes | + | |
- | I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes | + | |
- | Disklabel type: dos | + | |
- | Disk identifier: 0x279bf5b4 | + | |
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- | We can see the size is 298.1 GB. | + | If the mount -t command returns an error then use this syntax |
+ | |||
+ | sudo mount uid=pi, | ||
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+ | sudo apt-get remove usbmount --purge | ||
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- | In this case, there are no partitions | + | Automount the USB Hard Drive on Boot |
+ | |||
+ | / | ||
+ | sudo ls -l / | ||
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- | To create a new partition, use: | + | You will see some output like this. The UUID you want is formatted like this XXXX-XXXX for the sda1 drive. If the drive is NTFS it can have a longer format like UUID=" |
- | + | total 0 | |
- | n - This creates a new partition | + | |
- | p - This is for a primary partition | + | |
- | Enter - To default to partition 1 | + | |
- | Enter - To select first sector | + | |
- | Enter - To select last sector. | + | |
- | \\ | + | |
- | You should now have a new partition. | + | |
- | \\ | + | |
- | p - To display the new partition | + | |
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- | | + | |
- | /dev/ | + | |
- | \\ | + | |
- | The changes need to be written to the partition table: | + | |
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- | | + | |
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- | | + | |
- | Calling ioctl() to re-read partition table. | + | |
- | Syncing disks. | + | |
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- | Now run the following command | + | Add the line in red to the bottom, replace XXXX-XXXX with your UUID and exfat with your type if it is different (e.g. ntfs, vfat, ext4). You may or may not need the quotation marks wrapped around the UID, you do not need quotation marks wrapped around the file system type (ext4, vfat, NTFS etc). |
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- | | + | |
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- | There will be a large output, but the important part is at the end: | + | If you have issues here then try replacing uid=pi,gid=pi with just the word defaults (typical for ext4). You can also try replacing |
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- | | + | |
- | /dev/sda1 2048 625142447 625140400 298.1G 83 Linux | + | /dev/mmcblk0p1 |
- | \\ | + | /dev/mmcblk0p2 / ext4 errors=remount-ro, |
- | /dev/sda1 is the partition we have just created on device /dev/sda | + | |
- | \\ | + | |
- | Now we need to create the file system: | + | |
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+ | / | ||
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- | | + | UUID=XXXX-XXXX / |
- | Filesystem | + | \\ |
- | Superblock backups stored on blocks: | + | For ext4 using uid and gid is not recommended so use at your own risk as it could cause issues (thanks mk2soldier). |
- | 32768, 98304, 163840, 229376, 294912, 819200, 884736, 1605632, 2654208, | + | |
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+ | UUID=XXXX-XXXX | ||
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- | After the superblocks are created and you get a command prompt, Now you are ready to mount your disk. | + | If you get any errors |
+ | |||
+ | / | ||
+ | / | ||
+ | |||
+ | UUID=XXXX-XXXX | ||
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- | Lets create a mount point and call it NewDisk | + | For using / |
- | \\ | + | |
- | | + | /dev/ |
- | \\ | + | / |
- | To Mount the Disk | + | |
- | \\ | + | / |
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- | \\ | + | |
- | Use df to verify disk is mounted. If you reboot you will need to remount it (you might want to add it to /etc/fstab) | + | |
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- | | + | |
- | / | + | |
- | devtmpfs | + | |
- | tmpfs | + | |
- | tmpfs | + | |
- | tmpfs | + | |
- | tmpfs | + | |
- | / | + | |
- | tmpfs 94776 | + | |
- | / | + | |
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- | Try writing a file to the disk to test it: | + | If you didn’t get errors reboot, otherwise try the suggestions above to get it working then |
- | \\ | + | |
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- | + | \\ | |
- | lost+found | + | |
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identify_and_mount_a_drive.txt · Last modified: 2023/03/09 22:35 by 127.0.0.1